Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity

By bringing together authors from criminal law and political philosophy, the editors have done a fine job in showing how this is an issue that affects both legal theorists and proponents of the politics of recognition. Indeed, it may even have implications for how we understand questions of freedom and responsibility more generally. Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity is an important book and should appeal to legal and political theorists and philosophers. It fills an important gap in the field concerning the connection between criminal liability and cultural evidence. It invites us to ask some challenging questions concerning what it might mean to truly hold people responsible for crimes in the context of a culturally diverse societies.

Daniel Savery in Political Studies Review

The idea of a cultural defense in criminal law is often ridiculed as "multiculturalism run amok". To allow someone charged with a crime to say "this is my culture" as an excuse for their action seems to open the door to cultural relativism, to jeopardize the protection of fundamental rights, and to undermine norms of individual responsibility. Many scholars, however, insist that cultural evidence is appropriate, indeed essential, for the fair operation of the criminal law. The criminal law is society's most powerful tool for regulating behaviour, and just for that reason we apply strong safeguards to ensure that criminal sanctions are applied in a fair way. When it comes to individuals, we want our rules for judging responsibility and punishment to track the actual blameworthiness of the specific individual being prosecuted for a specific action in the past. Cultural evidence may help improve our judgements of individual blameworthiness and desert; indeed, cultural evidence might even be necessary if the practice of punishing individuals is to be legitimate and equitable. According to its proponents, the use of cultural evidence when judging individual blameworthiness is a natural extension of the logic of existing criminal law doctrines regarding defences, and of the logic of current philosophical theories of responsibility and agency. This volume brings together scholars of both criminal law and philosophy to rigorously assess these ideas. Each of the chapters addresses a different dimension of the issue, from a range of perspectives, with varying degrees of sympathy or scepticism regarding cultural defences. The result is an important and original contribution to the literature. It explores why cultural diversity raises distinctive challenges in the criminal law context, not found in other domains of the multiculturalism debate, while also exploring how this particular context raises fundamental issues of agency and responsibility that are at the heart of broader debates in legal, social and political philosophy.

Table of Contents

1. Will Kymlicka, Claes Lernestedt and Matt Matravers: Introduction: Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity
2. Claes Lernestedt: Criminal Law and 'Culture'
3. Nicola Lacey: Community, Culture and Criminalization
4. Kimmo Nuotio: Between Denial and Recognition: Criminal Law and Cultural Diversity
5. Matt Matravers: Responsibility, Morality, and Culture
6. Bhikhu Parekh: Cultural Defense and the Criminal Law
7. Ayelet Shachar: Family Matters: Is there Room for 'Culture' in the Courtroom?
8. Kent Greenawalt: The Cultural Defense: Reflections in Light of the Model Penal Code and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act
9. Alison Dundes Renteln: What Do We Have to Fear from the Cultural Defense?